Mountains Episode 3
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Mountainous States and Mineral Resources in Southern Nigeria
Author: Razzak Osemobor | Date: July 16, 2025
Previously, in the last episode of this series on mountains, I highlighted states in the north with mountainous landscapes and the mineral deposits found therein.
With these mineral deposits present in specific communities and villages within the states, the resources have boosted some of these places economically through the establishment of industrial sites, exploration, employment opportunities, community development services (such as roads and electricity projects), and royalty compensation to family clans, host communities, and the government.
While some mining activities are conducted legally in certain states, others are carried out illegally.
Despite the fact that some of the areas where legal mining and exploration are taking place still lack development, MOUs concerning community development services are either honored or ignored, while illegal mining activities cannot be accounted for.
This episode highlights mountains and hills in the southern parts of Nigeria, as well as the mineral deposits found in those areas.
1. Cross River State
Mountains: Obudu Plateau, Sankwala Hills, Afi Mountains
Elevation: Up to ~1,576 meters at Obudu
Minerals:
- Limestone
- Barite
- Salt
- Granite
- Quartz
- Tin (traces)
Also famous for eco-tourism and biodiversity.
2. Ebonyi State
Hilly terrain: Around Abakaliki, Izzi, and Afikpo
Minerals:
- Lead
- Zinc
- Salt
- Limestone
- Marble
- Gypsum
3. Ondo State
Hills: Includes Idanre Hills
Minerals:
- Bitumen (one of the world’s largest reserves)
- Limestone
- Granite
- Kaolin
- Quartz
- Marble
- Gold (especially around Iperindo and Ifira Akoko)
4. Edo State
Hilly Areas: Auchi, Igarra, Okpella, and Esan
Minerals:
- Limestone (especially in Okpella)
- Marble
- Granite
- Gold (notably in Igarra and Auchi)
- Clay
- Phosphate
5. Osun State
Hilly terrain: Ilesa, Ife, and Iwo
Minerals:
- Gold – a major gold-producing state
- Granite
- Quartz
- Columbite
- Tantalite
6. Ekiti State
Hills: Ikogosi Hills, Ado-Ekiti Ridge, Oke Ayedun
Minerals:
- Granite
- Kaolin
- Feldspar
- Bauxite
- Gold (traces)
- Quartz
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